How to Install Prefabricated Walls for Houses
The installation of prefabricated walls for houses must follow standardized procedures to ensure structural safety and construction accuracy. The main steps are as follows:
1. Base Layer Treatment and Measurement
Before installation, the base layer should be cleaned to ensure a flat surface free of debris, providing a stable foundation for subsequent construction. Surveyors need to use professional tools (such as laser plumb instruments) to adjust the wall's perpendicularity, ensuring that the vertical deviation of the prefabricated wall after installation meets regulatory requirements (usually ≤3mm/m). This step is crucial for ensuring the overall stability of the wall.
2. Hoisting and Alignment of Reinforcing Bars
The prefabricated wall is slowly hoisted by machinery (such as a tower crane) to a position approximately 50cm above the installation location and then paused. Construction personnel manually adjust the wall's orientation to precisely align the reserved reinforcing bars on the prefabricated wall with the embedded reinforcing bars in the base layer. During alignment, it is essential to avoid collision and deformation of the reinforcing bars. If necessary, guiding devices can be used to assist in positioning, ensuring that the insertion depth of the reinforcing bars meets design requirements (usually more than 15 times the diameter of the reinforcing bars).
3. Installation of Temporary Supports
Two 45-degree steel supports are used to fix the wall, with support points located above the midpoint of the wall's height to enhance resistance to overturning. If the wall has a T-shaped structure, additional T-shaped plates are required to prevent lateral displacement. Temporary supports must be firmly fixed using bolts or welding to prevent wall movement before grouting. After support installation, the wall's perpendicularity should be rechecked, and readjustments made if the deviation exceeds allowable limits.
4. Hook Removal and Sealing
Once the temporary supports are confirmed to be securely fixed, operators can remove the lifting hooks. Subsequently, the gap between the bottom of the wall and the base layer is sealed using dry-hard mortar (with a strength grade not lower than M15). The mortar should be filled in layers and compacted to ensure no voids. The purpose of sealing is to prevent leakage of grout during the grouting process and to enhance the bond between the wall and the base layer.
5. Grouting and Subsequent Procedures
High-strength non-shrink grout (usually with a strength grade of C60 or higher) is used to fill the reinforcing bar connections. Grouting should start from the low point on one side of the wall and continue until grout overflows from the vent hole on the opposite side. After grouting, the wall must remain stationary for more than 24 hours until the grout reaches the design strength before the temporary supports can be removed. Subsequent procedures may include the hoisting of other walls, construction of cast-in-place nodes, and installation of decorative layers.
Supplementary Information for Special Types of Prefabricated Wall Installation: Some prefabricated fences are fixed using slot mechanisms, assembled on-site with components such as embedded parts, columns, and bottom beams to form an integrated structure. For such walls, it is essential to check the fit of the slots during installation, ensuring that the wall panels are inserted to the required depth. Connection nodes should be fixed using bolts or welding, followed by waterproof sealing treatment.
