House Spliced Prefabricated Panels

House spliced prefabricated panels are a construction method that utilizes standardized cement components prefabricated in factories, which are then assembled on-site to form a building structure. The key points are as follows:

1. Structure and Characteristics of Prefabricated Panel Houses

Prefabricated panel houses use prefabricated panels as the main load-bearing components, which are divided into solid and hollow types. Hollow panels achieve lightweighting by reducing the non-load-bearing concrete, thereby lowering material costs. During construction, a "building block" approach is adopted, where prefabricated floor slabs, wall panels, and other components are spliced together using bolts or welding, resulting in fast construction speed and low costs. This type of building originated in the early 20th century, and many residential buildings constructed in China before 1985 adopted this structure. However, existing prefabricated panel houses generally suffer from issues such as weak earthquake resistance and poor sound and thermal insulation, with a service life of approximately 30-50 years. In 2023, China explicitly stipulated that the construction, renovation, and expansion of such buildings that do not meet safety standards are prohibited within urban construction land areas.

2. Upgraded Application of Composite Floor Slabs

Composite floor slabs are a composite structure consisting of prefabricated panels and cast-in-place reinforced concrete layers, suitable for high-rise or large-span buildings (common spans of 4-6 meters). The prefabricated panels serve both as structural supports and permanent formwork, while the cast-in-place layer can accommodate piping and be filled with expanded polystyrene boards to form a box-shaped cross-section, reducing self-weight and improving sound insulation. During construction, the surface of the prefabricated panels must be strictly cleaned and kept moist, and the use of early-strength agents containing chlorine or other substances that corrode steel bars is prohibited to ensure structural durability.

3. Simplified Practices in Rural Self-Built Houses

In rural self-built houses, the splicing of prefabricated panels is widely adopted due to its simple operation. Some cases attempt to omit concrete and steel bars, constructing houses solely by splicing prefabricated panels, but such practices pose structural safety hazards. Prefabricated panels themselves rely on steel bars to enhance tensile strength, and if not wrapped and fixed with concrete, the splicing joints are prone to cracking under load or vibration, leading to a decrease in house stability. Standard construction still requires pouring concrete and configuring steel bars at the splicing joints to form an overall load-bearing system.

4. Modular Innovation in Mobile Houses

Mobile houses (prefabricated houses) divide buildings into independent modules, which are prefabricated in factories with integrated structures, electromechanical systems, and finishes, and can be used immediately after on-site assembly. Their advantages include short construction periods, energy efficiency, and environmental protection, and the modules can be flexibly combined to meet different scenario requirements. For example, in emergency rescue and temporary office scenarios, mobile houses can be quickly deployed and reused, reducing construction waste generation.