Leakage of House Prefabricated Slabs

The core causes and solutions for leakage in house prefabricated slabs need to be comprehensively judged in combination with building types and responsibility attribution.

I. Correlation between Leakage Causes and Building Types

1. Old Residential Buildings (Built between 1990 and 2010): The structural characteristics of prefabricated slabs lead to the easy aging and failure of joint sealing materials (such as asphalt and felt), coupled with the natural degradation of the waterproof layer, forming crack leakage channels. Long-term structural stress may cause misalignment between slabs, further widening the gaps.
2. Prefabricated Buildings: Defects in the splicing process are the main cause. If the joints between prefabricated components are not filled with waterproof mortar, no waterstops are installed, or the concrete pouring is not dense, rainwater will penetrate along the splicing joints. This issue is particularly prominent in rural areas due to weak construction supervision.
3. Impact of Structural Settlement: Uneven foundation settlement can cause the overall deformation of prefabricated slabs, damaging the original waterproofing system. Such problems are often accompanied by concurrent symptoms such as wall cracking and window and door deformation.

II. Responsibility Division and Solution Strategies

1. Renovation Path for 'Three-No' Communities: If the house belongs to an old residential community without property management, it can be promoted to be included in government livelihood projects. For example, Chibi City has systematically solved leakage problems by establishing a special working group, formulating the 'Repair Technical Guidelines', and uniformly implementing standardized processes such as joint cleaning, application of polymer waterproof coatings, and filling with elastic sealants.
2. Self-Repair by Property Owners: When leakage is caused by the aging of the house itself (such as the over-service life of the waterproof layer) or internal pipeline damage (such as the rupture of the water supply pipe in the bathroom), according to the 'Property Management Regulations' and local regulations, the property owner is required to bear the repair responsibility. It is recommended to prioritize contacting a professional waterproofing company for high-pressure grouting plugging or local renovation.
3. Legal Rights Protection Path: For leakage in rural prefabricated houses caused by construction quality disputes, rights can be claimed in accordance with Article 799 of the 'Civil Code', which states that 'construction projects can only be delivered for use after passing the completion acceptance'. As shown in the case of Luoshan County People's Court, through judicial mediation, it can be clarified that the house builder shall bear the repair obligations or compensate for losses.

III. Technical Repair Points

• Joint Treatment: Remove the original failed sealing materials, fill the gaps with polyurethane foam, and cover with weather-resistant silicone sealant.
• Waterproof Layer Reconstruction: Apply a 2mm-thick polymer cement-based waterproof coating on the surface of the prefabricated slabs and lay a non-woven fabric reinforcement layer.
• Structural Reinforcement: For cracks caused by settlement, pressure grouting for reinforcement should be carried out first, followed by waterproof treatment.