Gannan Dry Toilet and Mobile Toilet

In the Gannan region, dry toilets and mobile toilets mainly adopt two technical solutions: ecological mobile toilets and water-flush mobile toilets, both designed for high-altitude and fragile ecological characteristics, balancing practicality and environmental protection.

Ecological Mobile Toilets: Combining Resource Recycling with Ecological Restoration

This solution employs a modular structure with bottom sealing to prevent pollutant infiltration, suitable for permafrost regions. Its core is an integrated treatment unit:

1. Solid-Liquid Separation and Biodegradation: The solid-liquid separation device achieves primary classification through gravity sedimentation and mechanical screening; the liquid enters a biofilm reactor where immobilized microbial communities degrade organic matter (without external power); the solids are transferred to a high-temperature composting bin, where straw is added to adjust the carbon-nitrogen balance, and high-altitude ultraviolet light aids in pathogen inactivation.
2. Resource Conversion and Utilization: The treated liquid meets irrigation standards and is used for alpine meadow maintenance; the solid product, after maturation, has heavy metal content below agricultural standards, suitable for sandy soil improvement; methane is collected and catalytically combusted into thermal energy to sustain system operation in winter.
3. Significant Environmental Benefits: After operation, the coliform count in surrounding soil decreases by two orders of magnitude, surface water ammonia nitrogen levels meet Class III water quality standards, and greenhouse gas emissions are reduced by 63% compared to traditional dry toilets.

Water-Flush Mobile Toilets: Physical Isolation and Closed Storage Optimization

This solution is based on an integrated design of water supply and sewage systems, equipped with a water storage tank, a small flushing device, and a sealed sewage collection tank:

1. Freeze Protection and Terrain Adaptation: The water tank is wrapped in insulating material or filled with eco-friendly antifreeze; the chassis structure is reinforced for stability and adjustable support to adapt to uneven terrain.
2. Closed Storage and Waste Removal Management: Waste is flushed into a closed storage space to avoid direct exposure and odor diffusion; the sewage tank capacity is calculated based on seasonal fluctuations in tourist traffic to ensure normal operation during peak periods; regular waste removal to designated treatment points is required, reducing the use of chemical decomposers.
3. Maintenance Focus: Includes freeze protection for the water supply system, leak detection for the sewage tank, and spill control during waste removal.

Technical Selection and Maintenance Recommendations

Both types of toilets reflect ecological protection considerations: ecological toilets reduce environmental loads through resource recycling, while water-flush toilets minimize pollutant contact through physical isolation. In practical applications, technical solutions should be selected based on the scenario (e.g., power supply conditions, waste removal convenience) and accompanied by regular maintenance (e.g., microbial community activity testing, carbon source supplementation, insulation layer performance evaluation) to ensure operational effectiveness.