Fire-Resistant Lightweight Prefabricated House Design
The design of fire-resistant lightweight prefabricated houses requires comprehensive consideration of materials, structure, fire protection facilities, and other key points to ensure that the houses have good fire resistance.
Material selection is fundamental: Walls can be constructed using aerated concrete blocks, fire-resistant gypsum boards, etc. The former offers excellent fire and heat insulation properties, while the latter has a high fire resistance limit. Roofs should use non-combustible materials such as metal roofing panels, which are fire-resistant and durable. Doors and windows should be fire-resistant to prevent the spread of fire and smoke. In terms of core materials, fire-resistant prefabricated concrete houses primarily use cement-based materials, which are non-combustible, do not release toxic fumes, and remain structurally stable at high temperatures. Light steel houses use galvanized cold-formed thin-walled steel as their core, achieving a Class A fire rating and providing dual protection to slow the spread of fire.
Structural design is crucial: Fire compartments should be reasonably divided, and separation facilities such as firewalls and fire shutters should be installed. Firewalls should be constructed using non-combustible materials and meet the required fire resistance limits. Fire shutters should automatically descend during a fire to separate areas. Pipes passing through firewalls and floor slabs should be sealed with fire-blocking materials. Lightweight composite panel prefabricated houses use factory-prefabricated components that integrate multiple materials internally. The components are welded to form a lightweight steel structure skeleton, which offers both fire and corrosion resistance. Vertical loads are borne by the walls, while horizontal loads are shared by beams and columns, meeting seismic and wind resistance requirements.
Fire protection facilities are indispensable: Install an automatic fire alarm system to promptly detect fires and issue alarms. Set up an indoor fire hydrant system to provide a water source for firefighting. For larger or densely occupied prefabricated houses, an automatic sprinkler system should also be installed to automatically extinguish fires in their early stages and control the spread of fire.
Other design considerations should not be overlooked: Reasonably arrange evacuation routes and emergency exits, keeping them unobstructed and meeting width requirements. The number, location, and signage of emergency exits should be clear and explicit. In terms of electrical wiring design, use flame-retardant materials for wires and cables and lay them through conduits to avoid unauthorized connections. Install leakage protection devices and overload protection devices to ensure the safe operation of the electrical system.
