What Are Prefabricated Assembly Houses in Europe
Prefabricated assembly houses in Europe refer to a building form where building components are industrially produced and assembled on-site. The following provides a detailed introduction from aspects such as types, technologies, development history, and market situation:
Main Types: The main types of prefabricated assembly houses in Europe include panel-based assembly, box-based assembly, and frame-based assembly. These types offer a variety of choices for different construction needs. For example, panel-based assembly is suitable for buildings with specific requirements for panel components such as walls; box-based assembly uses individual prefabricated units similar to boxes for assembly, making construction more convenient; frame-based assembly constructs the main body of the house through prefabricated frame structures.
Technologies Involved: The technologies cover prefabricated concrete structures and steel structures, with components including prefabricated products such as beams, slabs, walls, and columns. This technological system enables the standardized and large-scale production of building components in factories, ensuring the quality and precision of the components. At the same time, it has advantages such as shortening the construction period and reducing pollution. When producing components in factories, the production environment can be better controlled, reducing the impact of factors such as weather on construction and improving production efficiency. Moreover, the on-site assembly method reduces on-site wet operations, lowering pollution such as dust and noise.
Development History: Taking Northern Europe as an example, its prefabrication originated before World War II, when most work was based on cast-in-place methods. After World War II, many reconstruction projects were carried out, and prefabricated assembly began to develop. The first prefabricated building was a prefabricated wooden wall panel used in a royal hotel. In 1952, the Summer Olympic Games were held in Helsinki, Finland, and many buildings adopted prefabrication. By the 1960s, due to changes in Finnish social structure, many residents moved from rural areas to cities to settle down, and the demand for housing construction in cities greatly increased, leading to a significant increase in the demand for prefabricated assembly houses, especially the demand for Northern European sandwich walls. In the 1960s and 1970s, welding was mainly used as the connection method for concrete in Northern Europe, but later many limitations were found. In the early 1980s, Peikko's self-developed bolt-type connection method became the third-generation connection method. After 20 years of development, the bolt-type connection system was not only used for basic connections between vertical columns but also had newly developed products used at various connection nodes of beams and columns.
Market Situation: Prefabricated assembly houses in Europe are popular in the European and American markets. Taking the prefabricated houses exported from China to Europe and America as an example, China breaks down reinforced concrete houses into individual modules, produces them through assembly-line operations, and then packages and sends them abroad. Upon arrival, they are assembled like building blocks, and after simple treatment of the connection areas, people can move in. Even water pipes and electrical wires are pre-laid, and bedrooms, bathrooms, and kitchens are all complete.
