Container House Water Supply and Drainage Design

The water supply and drainage design of container houses should be optimized from three aspects: water supply, drainage, and auxiliary systems, in combination with their modular structural characteristics, to ensure functionality and safety.

Key Points of Water Supply System (Water Feed) Design

1. Introduction and Layout of Main Pipes
   Water sources (municipal tap water or water pumps) are introduced into the bottom layer of the container through the main water supply pipe. A main valve, water meter (if metering is required), and pre-filtering equipment should be installed at the entrance to prevent impurities from entering the pipes. Vertical main pipes are preferably arranged in corner columns or dedicated pipe shafts, using PPR or PE material risers to transport water to the second floor; horizontal branch pipes are hidden in the ceiling interlayer or floor joist space, connecting to water points such as kitchens and bathrooms in a 'tree-like' or 'ring-like' layout to reduce pipe exposure.

2. Water Pressure Balance and Insulation
   A pressure reducing valve can be installed at the starting point of the second-floor branch pipes, or a booster pump can be added to the bottom floor to ensure balanced water pressure between the upper and lower floors. Pipes exposed outdoors or in non-heated areas need to be wrapped with rubber-plastic insulation cotton to prevent freezing and cracking at low temperatures or condensation dripping at high temperatures.

Key Points of Drainage System (Sewage and Wastewater) Design

1. Combination of Same-Floor and Inter-Floor Drainage
   The drainage branch pipes of sanitary fixtures on the bottom floor are collected under the floor to the main horizontal pipe, maintaining a slope of ≥2%, and connected to the main riser or outdoor septic tank/municipal sewer network; the drainage branch pipes on the second floor are collected under the floor of this layer, with the main horizontal pipe and riser arranged in the ceiling space of the bottom floor (inter-floor drainage) to avoid pipes penetrating the floor and affecting aesthetics.

2. Materials and Odor Prevention Measures
   Drainage pipes are made of PVC-U material to ensure tight connections and corrosion resistance, and construction should strictly follow the designed slope for grading. A vent cap needs to be installed at the top of the main drainage riser to balance the air pressure and prevent water seal breakage; a P-type or S-type trap should be set under each drainage fixture to isolate sewer odors and pests.

Supplementary Auxiliary Drainage Methods

1. External Drainage
   Design drainage ditches through terrain differences to guide rainwater to drain naturally; in humid areas, canopies can be added to enhance drainage efficiency and prevent water accumulation.

2. Internal Drainage
   Waterproof floor drains are installed in areas such as kitchens and bathrooms, and the pipeline pre-embedding path is planned in advance to avoid damaging the structure later.

3. Top Drainage
   Some container tops are designed with circular drainage troughs, and rainwater is introduced underground through downspouts inside the columns. The joints need to be sealed to prevent leakage.

Design Adjustment Principles: Adjustments should be made flexibly according to the terrain (e.g., adjusting the drainage direction on slopes), climate (strengthening insulation in cold areas and optimizing top drainage in rainy areas), and usage requirements (e.g., whether to add a laundry room or shower room) to ensure the long-term stable operation of the system.