Fire Protection for Container Houses

The fire protection design of container houses should adopt targeted fire protection systems based on their uses and the characteristics of internal equipment. Common solutions include total flooding gas fire extinguishing systems, gas fire extinguishing + sprinkler systems, and PACK-level fire extinguishing devices, while also incorporating fire-resistant materials, detection systems, and compliant designs to ensure safety.

I. Fire Protection System Solutions for Energy Storage Containers

Due to the high fire risk of lithium batteries inside energy storage containers, specialized fire protection systems are required. Common solutions include:

1. Total Flooding Gas Fire Extinguishing Systems
   These systems use gases such as heptafluoropropane and perfluorohexanone as fire extinguishing agents, which are rapidly released through pipes into the interior of the container to create a high-concentration fire extinguishing environment, inhibiting the chain reaction of combustion. Heptafluoropropane is the mainstream choice due to its rapid fire extinguishing and no risk of re-ignition; perfluorohexanone, although highly effective, has limited applications due to certification issues. This system requires multiple detectors, including temperature, smoke, and combustible gas detectors, to achieve precise fire detection.

2. Gas Fire Extinguishing + Sprinkler Systems
   This solution combines the advantages of gas fire extinguishing and sprinkler cooling: the gas fire extinguishing system prioritizes extinguishing open flames to prevent the spread of fire; the sprinkler system then activates to lower the internal temperature through water or fire extinguishing liquid, preventing lithium batteries from re-igniting or experiencing thermal runaway due to high temperatures. This solution is suitable for scenarios requiring continuous cooling, such as pool designs in battery swap stations or sprinkler systems in energy storage containers.

3. PACK-Level Fire Extinguishing Devices
   These devices integrate pyrotechnic aerosol or perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing devices directly into the battery pack, using thermal elements to continuously monitor temperature, smoke, and other abnormalities, triggering localized fire extinguishing. This solution offers rapid fire extinguishing, no pollution, and precise coverage of fire sources, making it suitable for high-risk battery modules.

II. Key Points in Fire Protection Design for Container Houses

1. Fire-Resistant Materials and Structures
   Use materials such as rock wool and fire-resistant boards to construct walls and roofs, improving overall fire resistance. For example, residential containers should incorporate thermal insulation designs to reduce the risk of fire spread.

2. Detection and Alarm Systems
   Equip with temperature, smoke, and combustible gas detectors, combined with intelligent algorithms to achieve early fire warning. For example, energy storage containers should monitor gas concentrations such as hydrogen and carbon monoxide to prevent battery thermal runaway.

3. Compliant Design and Construction
   Avoid sharing pipeline systems between electrical and energy storage areas to prevent toxicity risks from heptafluoropropane leakage; reasonably set delay start times (recommended ≤10 seconds for energy storage scenarios) to balance personnel evacuation and fire extinguishing efficiency.