Connection of Concrete Prefabricated Houses
The connection technology of concrete prefabricated houses achieves mechanical transmission and collaborative work among beams, columns, slabs, and other components through different structural methods. Its core applications cover the connections of prefabricated floor slabs, beams, walls, columns, and other components. The technology types are divided into wet connections and dry connections, offering advantages such as shortened construction periods and reduced costs.
Types and Characteristics of Connection Technologies
The connection technologies for concrete prefabricated houses are mainly divided into two categories: wet connections and dry connections. Wet connections achieve component connections through on-site pouring of concrete or grouting materials, with typical methods including sleeve connections and grout-anchor connections. Sleeve connections fill the gaps between metal sleeves and steel bars with high-strength grouting materials to achieve steel bar anchoring; grout-anchor connections use high-strength mortar to anchor steel bars and are equipped with stirrups to prevent cracks. The "grout-anchor connection" method proposed in 1990 falls into this category. Dry connections, on the other hand, do not require on-site wet work and achieve component connections through pre-embedded connectors or prestressing techniques. Prestressing techniques apply pre-compression stress to components by tensioning prestressed tendons, not only enhancing connection strength but also improving the seismic performance of the structure, such as the cone-sleeve locking steel bar connection technology applied to bridge engineering in 2016.
Technological Development History
The development of connection technologies for concrete prefabricated houses has undergone several key stages. In 1990, the "grout-anchor connection" method was proposed, which effectively prevented crack formation by anchoring steel bars with high-strength mortar and configuring stirrups. In 2009, the technology of using grout pipes and steel bar insertion filled with grouting materials was applied to form vertical connection nodes for shear walls, improving connection reliability. In 2013, the U-shaped closed reinforcement design was applied to the vertical connections of prefabricated shear wall structures, with tests showing that its bearing capacity, ductility, and seismic energy dissipation capacity were comparable to those of cast-in-place structures. In 2014, the industry standard JGJ1-2014 "Technical Specification for Prefabricated Concrete Structures" was issued, providing detailed construction drawings and requirements for the horizontal and vertical connections of prefabricated shear walls. In 2016, the cone-sleeve locking steel bar connection technology was applied to bridge engineering and was selected as a key project of the national "13th Five-Year Plan" in 2017, marking a new stage of development for this technology.
Technological Advantages and Application Scenarios
The connection technology of concrete prefabricated houses achieves component standardization through industrial production, offering significant advantages. Shortened construction period: Components are prefabricated in factories, and only connection work is required on-site, greatly reducing construction time. Reduced costs: Standardized production reduces material waste, and dry connection technologies reduce wet work, lowering labor and machinery costs. Reduced construction waste: Factory production reduces on-site construction waste, aligning with green building concepts. This technology is suitable for various building forms such as frame structures and shear wall structures and is widely applied in residential, commercial buildings, and bridge engineering.
