Cement Prefabricated Component House
A cement prefabricated component house is a house built mainly with prefabricated components, which are cement components prefabricated in factories. The following is an introduction from multiple aspects:
Production and Types: During production, a model is first nailed together using wooden planks. Then, steel bars are arranged and cement is poured to form the components. There are two types: solid and hollow. The hollow structure achieves lightweighting by reducing the non-load-bearing concrete, reducing the overall weight of the house while ensuring a certain level of strength.
Development History and Application Scenarios: It originated in the early 20th century and was initially mainly used for scenarios such as floor slabs and roof insulation layers. In China, most residential buildings constructed before 1985 adopted this type of structure, reflecting the actual situation of construction technology and material supply at that time.
Current Situation and Problems: With the development of construction technology, cast-in-place concrete and prefabricated buildings have gradually replaced traditional prefabricated component houses. Since 2022, China has implemented a policy of old building renovation, focusing on repairing and renovating prefabricated component houses and only demolishing buildings that meet the criteria for dangerous buildings. Existing prefabricated component houses generally have problems such as weak earthquake resistance, poor sound insulation and heat insulation, with a service life of about 30 - 50 years. Some regions have already started demolition work.
Safety Hazards: There are serious safety hazards. Even a minor earthquake can cause the house to collapse. The quality of prefabricated cement slabs on the market varies greatly, with most being inferior products. They have an extremely short service life and may trigger house collapse accidents, causing casualties.
Specific Problem Manifestations: Firstly, the sound insulation ability is poor. The thickness of the prefabricated slabs is usually around 10 centimeters, with long circular holes in the middle. The insufficient thickness and the structure that easily transmits sound make the sound highly penetrating. Noise from the next room can even be amplified after being transmitted through the holes. Secondly, water leakage is a common problem. The prefabricated slabs are composed of independent panels spliced together, and there are tiny gaps between the panels. During the rainy season, rainwater can easily seep through the gaps into the interior and corrode the steel bars.
Advantages: It consumes less steel bars, has a low cost, and the construction process is simpler than that of traditional buildings, with a significantly shortened construction period. Compared with cast-in-place slabs, prefabricated slabs require less steel bar usage and lower labor costs, making them a must-choose option for many rural households when building houses in the past.
