Research Paper on Assembly Prefabricated Housing

Assembly prefabricated housing (prefabricated construction) is an important manifestation of industrialization in the construction industry, boasting numerous advantages and having different development histories and application scenarios both domestically and internationally.

Industrialization in Construction and Prefabricated Assembly Building Technology: Industrialization in construction achieves industrialization across all links of the industrial chain through modern management models, standardized design, and mechanized production. Prefabricated assembly building technology is an industrialized production process. Components such as interior and exterior wall panels and air-conditioning panels are prefabricated in factories and then transported to the site for assembly. Compared with traditional construction methods, this technology can reduce material waste by 60% and construction waste by 80%.

Application and Development of Prefabricated Buildings:

• Abroad: Originating from wooden frame assembled houses in the Americas, it rapidly developed after World War II to address housing shortages. European countries such as France and the United Kingdom focused on developing large prefabricated panel buildings. France has mature technology, enabling the construction of buildings of different stories in various seismic regions. In the United States, prefabricated buildings account for about 35% of concrete-structure buildings, and the prefabricated structures are durable. Japan leads in Asia, benefiting from legislative support.
• Domestically: Research and application began in the 1950s and 1960s. By the mid-1990s, the fully cast-in-place concrete building system gradually replaced prefabricated buildings. With the development of urbanization and industrialization in construction in China, the proportion of prefabricated buildings in new construction projects has been increasing.

Cost Composition and Prefabricated Concrete Assembly Buildings: Prefabricated buildings have relatively high costs. However, by analyzing the cost differences between prefabricated and cast-in-place components and conducting sensitivity analyses, cost variation trends under different scenarios can be studied. Prefabricated concrete assembly buildings achieve building construction through on-site assembly of components, offering advantages such as improved construction efficiency, quality assurance, and construction safety. Key factors for their development include government leadership, with the government enacting regulations to promote housing industrialization; establishing standards to form a technical system with national characteristics; and technological innovation, such as the PCa construction method developed in Japan.